Essay on An Analysis of Sebastiao Salgaldo’s Migrations

An Analysis of Sebastiao Salgaldo’s Migrations Migrations: Humanity in Transition is an overwhelming photography exhibit, done completely in black and white, which is currently on display at the Ackland Art Museum on the University’s campus. The 300 photograph exhibit according to Simon James of RPS Journal, is the type of exhibit which clearly â€Å"takes a step back† from the disturbing details of individual problems around the world and paints a panoramic view of how harsh the entire universe has become (James, 2001). The photography is done by a photographer named Sebastiao Salgado and his specific style and calculated techniques allow him to direct the audience’s focus to particular subjects in his photographs. I believe that†¦show more content†¦The photograph that I chose to analyze is just one photograph in a series that Salgado hoped would give the world an idea of the magnitude of destruction that Rwandan refugees have faced over a three year period from 1994-1997. I was particularly drawn to a picture of a tractor plowing dead corpses into a pile in Rwanda because of the oddity of the circumstance and because of the focus on one particular woman in the photo. In the picture, the body of a woman wearing a white dress has been picked up by a tractor and is being transported to another pile of bodies. It is such a breathtaking photo that it takes the viewer a second to comprehend what they are looking at, and get their bearings before they can move on. I was immediately floored by the photo and then disgusted by its content. Mary Behrens, a writer for Art New England, said about Salgado’s exhibit, â€Å"I often felt like I was being clobbered over the head with simply too much statistical evidence: too much poverty, too much misery, too many orphans, too little food, and much too much human anguish† (Behrens, 2003). All of his photos in this exhibit are just as dis turbing as the next, and they lead the viewer to question the significance of the history behind them. According to The US Committee for Refugees (USCR), the feud between the Hutus and the Tutsis dates back to at least the late 1950s or early 1960s when the Hutus, who represent approximately 85

Chicago Torture Video 4 Changes With Hate Crimes,...

The current event is â€Å"Chicago Torture Video: 4 Changes with Hate Crimes, Kidnapping† by CNN. The event is about the four young people who kidnapped and tortured a disabled white man on the 6th of January 2017. The suspects included two girls named Brittany Covington- age 18, Tanishia Covington- age 24, and two men- Tesfaye Cooper and Jordan Hill both 18 years of age. The defendants faced questions on the same issue about the video that the defendants streamed on some social sites like Facebook. The incidence happened in Chicago, Il. It is alleged that the kidnappers are said to have taken the culprit into captive and abused him both physically and mentally. In the video, one of the kidnappers is heard making comments on how he hated†¦show more content†¦From the social construction perspective, society has already inbuilt ideas about crimes and other informalities. Lenski (2013) asserts that social construction is the way a society gives certain people or a group privilege. Those who assess the kidnapping incident based on the idea that it involved people from a minority group, discriminates the minority group since they base it on race. For example, if whites believed that since the accused are African-Americans, they might be members of the movement of Black Lives Matter (Yan, Jones, Almasy, 2016). People from different parts of the world presume the same; thus they perceive African-Americans as antisocial. Although the Black Lives Matter movement tried to oppose the allegations, it appeared other races intimidated them. Thus, the blacks found it difficult to defend themselves in the midst of this confusion. Due to this stalemate and social construction, the media tried to reach the movement to get it right and inform the public of the correct information about the event. Accurate broadcasting (or lack of media broadcasting) can help eliminate doubts in the minds of people, hence reducing discrimination (or protesting or rioting) in public areas. The fact that some blacks might have been found in other similar criminal activities like the one reported by CNN, it was wrong to continue to portray the negative attitude. What manyShow MoreRelatedLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pages1993 with ISBN number 0-534-17688-7. When Wadsworth decided no longer to print the book, they returned their publishing rights to the original author, Bradley Dowden. The current version has been significantly revised. If you would like to suggest changes to the text, the author would appreciate your writing to him at dowden@csus.edu. iv Praise Comments on the earlier 1993 edition, published by Wadsworth Publishing Company, which is owned by Cengage Learning: There is a great deal of coherenceRead MoreEssay on Fall of Asclepius95354 Words   |  382 Pagesthe loop like this. Now half the worlds population is infected with a disease no one knows about. That is unacceptable. Thomas pulled up several other links with titles such as Police Open Fire on Rioters, Dozens Dead in Massive Attack in Chicago, and Civil War Erupts in Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran, and Sudan. He read every article to sate his hunger for knowledge. The more he researched the more he hungered. All the articles he read only provided more gaps in knowledge. Knowledge that he

Presentation on the Kimpton Hotel’s Eco-friendly Initiative Free Essays

The key elements of the Kimpton Hotels Earth Care Program are outlined in its eco-mission statement. These include â€Å"company-wide commitment towards water conservation; reduction of energy usage; reduction of energy usage; elimination of harmful toxins and pollutants; recycling of all reusable waste; building and furnishing hotels with sustainable materials; and purchasing goods and services that directly supports these principles† (Murray and Thomas 2005). It should be noted that all of these elements should be implemented in order to attain the goal of the Earth Care program. We will write a custom essay sample on Presentation on the Kimpton Hotel’s Eco-friendly Initiative or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, aside from these direct efforts that the company must engage in, it is also recognize that a key element in embarking in the program is the communication strategy which is used internally and externally. Inside the business organization, it is very essential to align the company’s workforce in this new strategy by letting them know and giving them an active role for the implementation of the program. In the part of the external stakeholders, Kimpton also had to communicate its eco-friendly efforts and their advantages. Is there a `business case` for the Earth Care Program? There is a strong business case for the Earth Care Program. It should be noted that implementing this eco-friendly strategy will benefit Kimpton in the long run. Looking at the current trend in the business environment, it becomes notable that most companies not only in the hotel industry are becoming more and more active in the preservation of the environment by supporting sustainable development efforts and by establishing a â€Å"greener† image. It should be noted that company image is now a more serious issue than the product itself. Consumers are becoming more and more concerned about the influences of a business organization to communities and environment. Also, the Earth Care Program is consistent with the corporate social responsibility effort of Kimpton which is very much important in the global business arena nowadays. Can you describe the costs and benefits associated with the Earth Care Program? The Earth Care Program conveys various benefits to Kimpton Hotels. One of the most obvious advantages is the huge potential improvement in the bottom line of the company. The efforts of the company to become more eco-friendly also implies shifting from less energy and resources consuming processes which will definitely push down the level of costs. The company’s effort of eliminating toxic substances will also benefit employees who are handling these chemicals on a daily basis. It should be noted that toxic substances often have detrimental effects to the person handling them and eliminating this can possibly improve the sense of well being of employees and make them more productive. The Earth Care Program also posts opportunities to Kimpton as it will now belong to the list of eco-friendly hotels which are highly preferred by government organizations. In some ways, customers can perceive the eco-friendly image as a new attraction which can generate more revenue for the company. However, the company also faces the challenges involved in this new strategy. First, the Earth Care Program requires monetary investment which should be financed long before any cost benefit is attained. Kimpton Hotel also needs to align its entire chain with the effort thus necessitating negotiation and giving out the risk of rejection from local managers who feel threatened by the new system. Third, the company needs to pay more for the organic materials which are needed to make hotels eco-friendly. As the case states, these costs are very high compared to the traditional materials. Are there risks to the company with this program? The company is facing a huge risk in implementing the Earth Care Program. First, Kimpton Hotel is not sure whether this program will be perceived by customers as value-adding. Experience of the customers are seen to be indirectly related with the materials or equipments used in delivering services. Since the benefits of the program are not reaped in the short-run, the company also takes in the risk of possible change in consumer taste before cost savings are realized. If in the long run, customers perceive that eco-friendly efforts are not important, then Kimpton runs the risk of not benefiting from its investment. Lastly, the Earth Care Program threatens the autonomy of local branches which can make employees hesitant in implementing changes. What is the weakness of the Kimpton Hotel? The autonomy of the branches of the Kimpton Hotel can be perceived both as a strength and weakness of the organization. On the positive side, the decentralized operation facilitates fast decision making and customization. However, Kimpton Hotel is having difficulty in implementing company-wide strategies because possible rejection from its branches. It should also be noted that as each hotel is unique, integrating them to join the Earth Care Program is quite hard. The difference in the values of each branch also makes it difficult for them to pursue a single strategy. What might work in a branch might not necessarily have the same effect on another. References Silverman, M Thomas, T. 2005, â€Å"Kimpton Hotels: Balancing Strategy and Environmental Sustainability.† San Francisco State University, USA How to cite Presentation on the Kimpton Hotel’s Eco-friendly Initiative, Essay examples

Organisation Behaviour & Internal Communication Methodology Conduct

Question: Describe about the Organisation Behaviour Internal Communication for Methodology Conduct. Answer: Introduction This section of the study refers to the methodology in which way the project has been conducted. The main objective of the project is to find out the motivation procedures of Sony whether they are using the processes in a right direction or not (O'Leary, (2013). Therefore, the method in the way the research objectives has been met is discussed here to understand the motivation tools of the company. In this section, probability sampling method and non-probability sampling method has been used to set the sample size from the target population. Therefore, the data has been collected with Primary data collection procedure. The employees and managers of Sony has interviewed and surveyed with quantitative data collection technique and qualitative data collection technique. These processes helped to collect the relevant information about the company that the analysis can be done in the next section properly to meet the objectives of the project. Organization background One of the best-known and popular electronics organisations is Sony Corporation, which was founded after the World War II as a seller of transistor radio, CD player, Trinitron television, Betamax VCR, Walkman portable cassette player and many more products that are revolutionary. It is a Japanese multinational corporation headquartered in Tokyo, Minato in Japan. It has been operating in the world business since the year of 1946 with the registration of TTK (Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering Corporation). In starting, they have stated with $500 as their initial investment. However, their first product has faced a massive failure in attracting their customers as it was not met the expectations of them. They spent almost $6500 in sales of the product but were able to gain only $300 from that. It has gained its popularity when they have introduced their product transistor radio called TTK radio Sony. They used the name intentionally to indicate the Latin word Sonus, which means sound. This has brought the desired popularity as well as profit for the company to make it familiar in the world of electronics business. In 1958, it has renamed as Sony Corporation and then they dominated the electronic market with their innovative and good products. It is the business unit of the parent company Sony Group and operates in four different components such as, electronics, motion pictures, financial services and music. It has attained the second rank in the world of electronics business and has become one of the lading manufacturing companies of electronic product. Sony is serving almost every area in the world and gaining revenue of 8.1T. It has approx 125.3K employees working with the company still 2016. The mission of Sony was to provide the people with all the electronic devices that are innovative in feature and will meet the customers expectations. Best practice model (motivation) The best practice model of motivation for the company has to be something that can influence the employees to work more in the good environment within the company. The authority of the company is always trying to provide regular innovative and new things to the employees that their employees never feel any problem to give their best to the company. In this research, the main aim is to find out the best motivation practice for the company to motivate the employees and evaluate whether the financial benefits can motivate them or not. Gap analysis According to SERVQUAL model there is five gaps through which customer satisfaction level can be measured. Following are the five gap analysis of Sony Corporation. Management Perception and customers expectations Management Perception and specifications of service quality Specifications of service quality and delivered service Delivered service and external communication Expected service and experienced service Sony has a good brand image and as a result, customers expectation is high. On the other hand, customer evaluation process of Sony is weak, which creates a gap between these two parameters. As customer evaluation process is weak, it is difficult for the company to provide appropriate product or service specification. Sony has skilled workforce and therefore, the company can deliver the actual design service or product quality to the customers. It shows the gap between the two parameter is negligible. The existing gap between management perception and customers expectations shows that there is huge gap between the delivered service quality and customers expectation. Expected service quality and experienced service differs due to the gap between management perception and customers expectations. Swot analysis The state of a business organisation can be understood by the analysis of its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The analysis can be conducted through the SWOT analysis in following, Strengths Opportunities The company has built a strong brand image before the customers. It has been announced to be the Asias most valued brand in the survey of 2011, which proves its brand value. Sony is always providing the customers various innovative products that can attract new consumers as well as retain the existing customers. The company has been giving the customers products differentiation with providing them an extra special feature. There are variations in the designs of the products that attract the customers easily. They provide a good customers service that can satisfy their customers. The share price of Sony Corporation was 1507JPY in 2011 and 3378 JPY in 2016, which is showing its growth and sustainability. It is a multinational company; therefore, it can take the advantage of its music business along with the movie business. The company is doing this with implementing the four-screen strategy that looks like a good concept to improve its business. It has occupied the whole market of the entire Sony Ericson after the joint venture. It has given the opportunity to this company to provide smart phones independently with innovative features to grab the mobile market. It is emerging in the global market with its variety of products in different sectors. Weaknesses Threats The product pricing policies are very high for the common people that affect their business. The high cost of media production that has spent in the television business mainly has increased its prices of products a high. Product diversity has decreased their focus from its core competency that says to make great consumer-electronic products. Other companies focus on their few products and therefore they make it with full concentration while Sony has to manage various products at a time, which leads to deteriorate the quality. They use less promotional activities that are decreasing their customers. Sony has also an over-confidence on their products. Sony Corporation is facing a strong competition from the same organisations in worldwide. The main competitors such as, Apple, Samsung, LG are giving the customers low price products that affecting the market of Sony in recent time. Gradually, the company is losing its brand value as the other competitor Apple is introducing its innovative and own version products day by day. The online business of this company is also faces threats from the hackers. Once the Play station network of this company has hacked, which has resulted in the leakage of information about the customers. Sampling Techniques Sampling techniques are the processes that help to set the population required for conducting the research. Therefore, in this part the methods of setting the target population on which the interview and survey has been conducted. The processes of sampling techniques has discussed here that has helped to determine the sample size, sampling method, and sample unit to meet the ultimate goal of this project (Bryman, Bell, 2015). As the outcome of the project is completely depending on the data collected for analysing the appropriateness of the motivation tools applied in the company to motivate their employees, therefore, the data collection process should be logical to achieve its objectives. Sample Unit In every research, sample unit refers to the process of determining the total target people required for completing the data collection procedure to get relevant data on the topic. In this project, to collect the information about the motivation processes of Sony it is necessary to interact with the employee of the company to know the recent processes there (Baskerville and Wood, (2016). As it is an internal process of the company, therefore to analysis the appropriateness of those the interaction with the people is required who are directly connected with the organisation. In this case, the total employees selected for conducting the survey process is 50. They have been asked the questions about the motivation process of Sony whether they were happy with those processes or not. Apart from this, five Managers were selected for this purpose to collect the information about the present motivational technique followed by the company to motivate their employees. Sampling Method This is the vital part of any research as it serves the crucial role to gather the data for the research. In this project, it is very essential to collect proper data of Sony to attain the research objective. Therefore, the sampling method has been selected here to gather appropriate data for the purpose. Generally, sampling methods refers to the procedure of selecting the sample size suitable for conducting the data collection procedure. There are two sampling method available, which can be used to gather the information. The methods mainly helped to select the required sample population from the entire sample unit to collect more appropriate information of the motivation practices of Sony (Zikmund et al., 2013). Probability sampling and Non-probability sampling are the two processes that can be applied in a research method to determine the sample size of the project. The first method is the process of gathering the whole sampling population in a place to interact with them to colle ct data from them about the topic. Therefore, if this probability sampling method would be used to conduct a research process, then the procedure would be very short, time saving and fair. In this method, the total sample population can be asked questions at a time as the overall target people are gathered in one location. It save the time of data collection process and give more time to focus on the analysis part of the project. In this project, the data collected from the employees has conducted through the probability sampling procedure (Tirumalaiah et al., 2015). Therefore, the employees were gathered in a location to interact with them and to collect the required data from them for meeting the objective of the project. On the other hand, the other process of sampling is very time consuming and hectic. The non-probability sampling method refers to the process in which the targeted sample population is not present in a location to interact with directly at a time. Therefore, in t his procedure to collect the data one should have to move from one place to another place to meet with the people. Therefore, it is a lengthy process where the targeted population have to ask question one by one to get the answers on the topic of the project. In this case, the Managers of the company have been asked questions individually to get the information about the motivation practices in Sony. Therefore, the non-probability sampling method has been used to conduct the interview processes with the Managers of the company to get the information about the internal policies regarding motivation. Therefore, in this project the probability sampling and non-probability sampling both have been used to get the authentic information about the companys strategies. Data Collection Data collection is the essential part of a research that plays a crucial role in attaining the objectives of the research. This helps to develop the ideas about the research topic, which would be analysed in the data analysis section (Thomas et al., 2014). In this project, the data collection process has been helped to collect the authentic data about the motivational processes of the company that can be analysed in the data analysis section to reach the ultimate goal of the project work. There are two processes available for collecting the data from the targeted people one process is called primary data collection processes and the other one is secondary data collection process. In the first process, the statistical data are collected from many sources related to the research topic to analyse them in further time to meet the research objectives. In this process, the data collected from the authentic sources through the processes of interview and survey and then the data are analysed in the next part of the research, which is data analysis section. On the other hand, the secondary data collection method is the process where the data are gathered from the various sources of previous research papers, journals, and other online research evidences. This process is therefore more authentic than the primary data collection method. As the data are collected in this process are collected from the previous researches that were obviously authentic by nature while in the first process the data collected from the sources can manipulate the information not to reveal the reality. In this project, the data has been collected in the primary data collection method to collect the data from the employees and the Managers of the company. The data collection process can be measured in the two processes - quantitative data collection technique and qualitative data collection technique. The quantitative data collection technique refers to the procedure in which a survey is conducted for the sample size to gather them in a location to ask required questions to gather knowledge about the topic. On the other hand, the qualitative data collection technique refers to the procedure that collects the data through asking questions to individual about the research topic. In order to conduct this research, both the methods quantitative technique and qualitative technique have been used to collect the data from the respondents (Tate et al., 2015). While conducting the research, the quantitative data has been collected from the employees of the company who were asked questions about the motivational processes of Sony. It would help to understand the extent in which employees are happy with the motivational tools of Sony. On the oth er hand, to know the viewpoint of the Managers of this company the qualitative data collection method has been used. Therefore, the required data has been collected about the company to attain the appropriateness of the applications of the motivational methods to motivate their employees. Data Analysis In a research, the data analysis part has an essential role that helps to analyse the collected data in the data collection step. This section helps to analyse the data collected from the employees and Managers of the company, which will be analysed in this part whether the motivational tools applied in the company were right or not. This has been conducted through various data analysis tools such as mean, median, mode and standard deviation (Alcaiz et al., 2014). Mode value helps to define the highest response, median helps to identify the scope, mean refers to the average value and standard deviation helps to measure the risk factors. In this case, the data collected from the employees through the survey method has been analysed with the focus group. On the other hand, the Managers of this company have provided the data about the motivational techniques that were analysed with the statistical evaluation procedure to meet the research objective. Interview and Survey Questionnaire Quantitative Questionnaire 1. How far are you satisfied with motivational tool of Sony? Strongly satisfy Satisfy Neutral Dissatisfy Strongly dissatisfy This question has been asked to the employees of the company to understand the satisfaction level. The company has considered the financial benefit for motivating the employees. However, this question has helped to understand the real situation of Sonys employees. 2. How far do you agree that financial benefits are only useful motivational tool? Strongly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly disagree The financial benefit has been used to motivate the employees of Sony. However, there was a confusion regarding this motivational tool whether the employees were really motivated only with financial benefit. In order to know the thought processes of the employees of this company about motivation techniques can also be obtained from this question. 3. What is the most preferable motivational tool you would select for Sony? Incentive trip Increment Financial benefit Recognition Holiday The company was practicing the financial benefit as their only motivational tool. Therefore, it has been essential to understand the employees expectations from the company about motivation program. This question has enabled to evaluate the employees choices and expectation from Sony to motivate them. Qualitative Questionnaire 1. What are the motivational tools that Sony implements in order to empower performance quality of employees? This question has been asked to the Managers of Sony to know the future strategies of the company in order to gain more improved performance from their employees. This also includes the present strategy regarding motivating their employees to enhance their performance quality. 2. Do you think that financial benefits can influence performance quality of employees? The planning and implementation of strategies in a company is inspected by the Managers and they do not implement any policy without conducting proper market research. Therefore, in order to evaluate the ideas of the Managers of Sony to motivate their employees can be obtained from this question and can be realised whether the employees can be motivated through financial benefit. Ethical Consideration While conducting any research, there has to be an ethical consideration that is required to be maintained in the overall research process. In this project, as the research is conducted through the primary data collection method, therefore to collect the data from a large number of respondents should be required. It is required to encourage respondents in order to increase response rate. However, according to research ethics, forcing the respondents to participate in the study is unethical. This is the most important ethical dilemma that needs to be addressed in order to obtain accurate research outcome. Apart from this, to collect the actual data from the Managers of this company, the data obtained from the employees have to disclose before them. However, according to the Data Protection Act, the information collected from the employees cannot be disclosed unethically (Tirumalaiah et al., 2015). Summary The whole chapter has summarised the procedure in which the research has conducted to attain the research objective. In order to gain the understanding of the recent motivational tool and to evaluate the techniques used here to motivate the employees, the research has been conducted through interview and survey. This process has helped to analyse the organisational behaviour and internal communication for motivating the employees of Sony. Conclusion While concluding the study, it can be sad that the methodology section of this research has analysed the background of the company before researching about the main issue of its motivational process trough the financial benefits. The selection of these data collection process, sampling process, data analysis techniques has helped to evaluate the current situation of the company to analyse the research questions whether it can meet the research objective or not. Therefore, the section has discussed the methods of the research process to attain its objectives of the research topic. Reference List Alcaiz, M., Rodrguez, A., Rey, B., Parra, E. (2014, June). Using Serious Games to Train Adaptive Emotional Regulation Strategies. InInternational Conference on Social Computing and Social Media(pp. 541-549). Springer International Publishing. Baskerville, R. L., Wood-Harper, A. T. (2016). A critical perspective on action research as a method for information systems research. InEnacting Research Methods in Information Systems: Volume 2(pp. 169-190). Springer International Publishing. Bryman, A. (2015).Social research methods. Oxford university press. Bryman, A., Bell, E. (2015).Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. Hobbs, S., Veron, J. (2014). Discussing the motivation of knowlede workers to engage in employee driven innovation-the influence of trust in organisation processes. O'Leary, Z. (2013).The essential guide to doing your research project. Sage. Tate, D. F., Lyons, E. J., Valle, C. G. (2015). High-tech tools for exercise motivation: use and role of technologies such as the internet, mobile applications, social media, and video games.Diabetes Spectrum,28(1), 45-54. Thomas, S., Chie, Q. T., Abraham, M., Raj, S. J., Beh, L. S. (2014). A Qualitative Review of Literature on Peer Review of Teaching in Higher Education An Application of the SWOT Framework.Review of educational Research,84(1), 112-159. Tirumalaiah, K., Sony, W. R., Kumar, V. S. (2015). A study on source of finance as a motivational factors in purchasing tractors.South Asian Journal of Marketing Management Research,5(5), 27-35. Tirumalaiah, K., Sony, W. R., Kumar, V. S. (2015). A study on source of finance as a motivational factors in purchasing tractors.South Asian Journal of Marketing Management Research,5(5), 27-35. Wee, P. (2014). Choosing Sustainable Transport: unraveling the factors of human behavior that influence Sony Mobile Communication employees and Emporia shoppers transport mode decisions.Master Thesis Series in Environmental Studies and Sustainability Science. Zikmund, W. G., Babin, B. J., Carr, J. C., Griffin, M. (2013).Business research methods. Cengage Learning.

Internet Addiction Essays (1934 words) - Behavioral Addiction

Internet Addiction Internet Addiction Research Paper Theme: Social Impact of the Internet 8 October 1997 ABSTRACT The Internet is the largest source of information in the world today. With its web sites and chat rooms, it is a means of communicating with people in places all over the face of the earth. Since its conception in 1973, the Internet has grown at a whirlwind rate. 51 million adults, were on-line as of the second quarter 1997 in the United States alone. Some say that the Internet is so enjoyable that it is almost addictive. The problem is that researchers are beginning to agree with them. Studies are revealing that there may be an actual form of addiction involved with over-use of the Internet. Identifying which category of addiction the Internet falls into is the problem. There are no real answers yet because research in this area is at the beginning stages. While lost in this so called ?Cyber Community' for long periods of time, people are neglecting other important activities like; time with the family, socializing, work and health concerns. One of the most extensive studies on Internet Addiction to date was conducted by Dr. Kimberly S. Young of the University of Pittsburgh at Bradford. In her study, she revealed concrete evidence supporting the Internet Addiction claim. However, help for web addicts is available. There are several web sites available for the treatment of Internet addiction, as well as counseling centers and clinics. Is it Live, or is it Internet? Internet Addiction The Internet is the largest most versatile source of information in the world today. With its web sites and chat rooms, it is a means of communicating with people in places all over the face of the earth. But with all this power at our fingertips, are there any negative impacts of using this interface? Are we as ?simple humans' capable of interacting with such a powerful communication source. Recent studies are beginning to uncover evidence that would suggest that maybe some of us are not so capable of dealing with this technology. In fact, as more research is conducted, experts are finding that the Internet may even be addictive! Development of the Internet began about 15 years ago. In 1973 the U.S. Defense Research Projects Agency initiated a program to research the techniques and technologies for inter-linking various types of networks.1 The objective was to develop communication protocols that would allow networked computers to communicate transparently across multiple, linked networks. This was called the internetting project and the system of networks that emerged from the research was known as the Internet. Since that time, various other research projects, to include those conducted by the U.S. National Science Foundation and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, have shaped and tailored this project to give us the Internet as we know it today. (1) The Internet has now grown to include over 4500 Service Providers in the United States alone. A survey by Christian Huitema of Bellcore indicated that there were 26 million host computers on the Internet as of September 1997.2 A survey conducted by Intelli Quest Information Group Inc. showed that 51 million adults, age 16 or older, were on-line as of the second quarter 1997 in the United States alone.3 With such a large portion of the population swimming in this seemingly never-ending sea of information, what is the real impact of the Internet on society? It seems that the majority of society thinks the Internet is the greatest invention since the telephone. This is probably best justified by the whirlwind rate at which the Internet grows. In fact, some say that the Internet is so enjoyable that it is almost addicting! The problem is that recent studies have shown that the Internet may not only be addicting because it is enjoyable, but that a fairly large number of users are experiencing addiction of a clinical form.4 Identifying which category of addiction the Internet falls into is another problem. There are no real answers yet because research in this area is at the beginning stages. A few researchers are comparing the Internets effects to marijuana as a psychostimulant. They argue that the chemicals in marijuana activate the same stimuli as the Internet.5 Most researchers to this date do, however, agree that this is some type of behavioral addiction. People can become addicted to activities even when there is no physiological dependence or physiological addiction. Overeating, sex, work, exercise and gambling can be addictive if done to excess.6 Behavioral addiction means (2) that the activity alters your emotional state in some way. The

What Not to Write in Your SOP

What Not to Write in Your SOP Its always a daunting task: writing your statement of purpose. You sit down at the computer, staring at the blank screen, wondering what you can possibly say to make the admissions committee realize that they must choose you. Nervous and riddled with anxiety, you begin to type, focusing on what you know best: how youve always wanted to attend this school (because its the very best) and how everyone tells you that you would be perfect there. Youre off to a good start, right? Maybe not.As an academic editor, Ive seen hundreds of admissions essays but only a handful of unique approaches. When youre among a pool of applicants, you must do everything that you can to stand out from the crowd. Not creative, you say? Dont despair. By avoiding a few common pitfalls, youll already be ahead of the pack. Many application essays suffer from the same common mistakes, but you can avoid them with these tips. Here are the top 4 statements to avoid in your SOP:1. Ive always wanted to be a ______.The u niversal adage of show, dont tell most definitely applies here. Think back to when you first learned about your career of choice. What did the moment feel like? How did you know that this was something you wanted to pursue? Create a picture in the readers mind to illustrate your enthusiasm for the profession, rather than just telling them that its something youve always wanted. Why do you want to pursue this goal? If you can effectively articulate why this profession appeals to you, youll come across as a serious candidate with a clear goal in mind.2. I really wanted to go somewhere else, but for now, Im applying to your school.You never want to seem desperate to be accepted, and you dont want to sound like this is your second choice (even if it is!). Maybe you had a change in career plans, but explain your current goals and emphasize your readiness to attend the program. Focus on your strengths and the positive attributes that you bring to academic settings in general. You might ha ve future goals that are unrelated or that extend beyond this program, but the purpose of the essay is to explain why you would be an asset to this school in particular. You definitely dont want to sound like youre using the program as a stepping stone to get somewhere else.3. Your school is the best in the world!They already know that theyre the best- thats why youre at their mercy, pleading for acceptance. Be more specific about why you have chosen this particular program. Its not enough to say that they have the best professors, coolest classes, etc. Is there one person whose work mirrors your own or who has inspired you? These types of details will make all the difference because they show what motivates you to attend. A motivated student is more likely to work hard because they have a passion for the subject. Not every school is right for every person. Focus on showing that you have made an informed choice about where you want to attend.4. Look at my grades- how could you not a ccept me?Your statement of purpose is only one part of your application, along with your transcript, resume, and, in some cases, references. The SOP should be personal. It gives you a chance to reveal the story behind the application, to discuss the moments in your life that led you to the present path. Dont waste time by reiterating details that can be found somewhere else in your application. Unless youre describing how you felt during a particular accomplishment (for example, when you won a prestigious award), leave it out. You dont need to include everything that youve done in the past few years. Make it relevant to what youre doing today and, more importantly, to what you hope to be doing in the future.So now that you know what not to write, how do you decide what you should write? Its easier than it sounds. Start by making a list of your greatest achievements. How did each of these accomplishments make you feel? Think back to when you first began on this career path and descri be your journey. List your best attributes, and remember times when you showcased these abilities. For instance, if youre very organized, describe a situation where being organized came in handy.Dont tell too much or too little. They dont need to know your whole life story, but they do need to know what makes you the person you are today and how these qualities will help you to achieve success at their school. Keep the tone formal, but dont be afraid to put your own spin on things.Remember that youre not alone. Use these tips as a guide to start your essay, but dont be afraid to make mistakes. Just concentrate on getting all of your thoughts down on paper- then the right editor can help you to make sense of these ideas and shape them into a winning SOP.Even when youre given a specific question as a guideline for your essay, that doesnt mean that you cant be creative. When I applied to college, the admissions committee asked, What is your biggest obstacle? While Im sure that many app licants chose traditional answers, perhaps describing financial and family challenges, I looked deeper and came up with an innovative response: myself. At the time, I realized that the biggest obstacle to my inner critic. With this creative response, I was not only accepted into my first-choice school but was also awarded a scholarship. By thinking outside of the box and following these simple tips, you can silence your own inner critic and achieve the same success.

Comparison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Comparison - Essay Example However different the conditions are, they also share a few similarities. The similarities and differences come out only well after thorough analysis of the two conditions. A decision by a first year college student to either reside in campus or off-campus ends up having total transformation of his or her life (Morris, 2008, 77). It is inevitable that staying in campus hostel will influence the life of a college student and staying at home has its pros and cons. Living in campus hostels exerts a pleasant experience on one student and an awful ordeal for another. Living in the dormitory is a necessity for some people. The forms of advantages and benefits compared for the two living conditions relate to closeness in terms of accessing classes and campus, cost advantages, availability of affordable and nutritious food, additional benefits of education to the student, as well as available opportunities for student to involve in such as entertainment and co-curricular activities. Living off-campus means that a student will commute to campus because he or she lives in an apartment, a fraternity, or a sorority. Living off-campus lacks the advantage of proximity to campus and classes. It would require some of the student who do not live in campus hostels to travel long tiring distances every morning to get to class and have to wake up early enough to catch up with early classes and in some cases avoid traffic jams on the way to college. Those who already live in college hostels do not have these problems. The situation presents a problem to students especially in times of winter. During this season students do not like waking up therefore, skiving classes becomes a common occurrence. Beds become far more inviting during winter compared to the journey to class. The cost of living outside for instance, in an apartment can be very high. In some regions

Talk about the holocaust memorial building in Germany Essay

Talk about the holocaust memorial building in Germany - Essay Example Every time I think about the video I wonder if it was worth my time. Is this what people like to watch in the western lands? I did not feel much of anything from watching this video except boredom. There was nothing very interesting about the video itself. If they wanted to build a monument about the Holocaust, why did they not build something like a tower instead? They could have built a home for the Jewish people as well instead of moving them to Jerusalem. So many people are angry because of the Jewish people who were brought here after World War II. I think it is weird to have built such a structure. I think the memorial is pleasing to the eyes but it is dull at the same time. They look like large coffins from far away. Maybe the memorial is supposed to emphasize the many different ages and types of people with each and every block. Sadly, the architectural design does not appeal to me. While it may represent many different things to various people, it does not strike me as something significant except for the fact that it was historically

Argument for Lowering The Drinking Age to 18 Essay

Argument for Lowering The Drinking Age to 18 - Essay Example Banning drinking age at 18 will not stop teenagers from drinking. Some adults may have the impression that since it is made illegal to drink at age 18, then it would stop teenagers from drinking. On the contrary, the prohibition will not stop teenagers from drinking and that will even add to the thrill of drinking alcohol. Instead of stopping it, the prohibition will even have the effect of encouraging teenagers to drink. Banning alcohol at age 18 will just make teenagers hide when they are drinking and it is more dangerous. Adults or supervising authority may have the impression that they have stopped drinking but in fact, the drinking just went underground. This time, teenagers drink without the presence of adult supervision and this an unsafe environment for kids to drink. It is in this environment that excesses happen that often leads to the fatal outcome that some college presidents have aired their concern that drinking underground contributes to alcohol excesses among teenagers (Wechsler, 2010 pg. 987). Also, it is in this environment that beer binges and fighting occurs because teenagers tend to seize the moment and drink a lot until they could no longer control themselves. Also, 18 years old does not differ from age 21 in terms of the judgment. People may argue that older is better but being 21 does not make one wiser in terms of alcohol drinking. Delaying drinking age to 21 years old does not make one a more responsible drinker. In fact, delaying it promotes an irresponsible drinking behavior because teenagers will have to hide drinking first before they can drink in the open at age 21. So by the time they are already legal to drink to age 21, they have already developed the habit of drinking excessively because they were used to drink in an unsafe environment.

Penetration Testing Scope

Penetration Testing Scope The main objective of this document is to provide the readers a view on importance of Penetration test in network security and how it will overcome the network security issues and how organizations are determining their security weaknesses in their network infrastructures. With the help of this document, readers can obtain knowledge about advantages, strategies, types, tools and techniques of the penetration testing. Introduction: Penetration testing method is one of the oldest network security techniques for evaluating the securities of a network system. Penetration testing method used by Department of Defence in early 1970s to determine the security weaknesses in computer system and to initiate the development of programs to create more secure system. Using penetration testing, organization can fix their security weaknesses before they get unprotected. Many companies are using this method because penetration testing will provide proper security information systems and services to the organizations network systems. Organization can reduce risk in their network system using penetration testing tools and techniques. The main objective of the penetration testing is to evaluate the security weaknesses of the organizations network systems. Penetration testing has more secondary objectives and that will help the organization to identify their security incidents and also test the security awareness of the employees. Scope and Goals of the Penetration Testing: Identifying gaps in security: Organization can identify the gap of the system security and company can develop an action plan to reduce the threat with the help of penetration test. Help to create strong business case: A penetration test result document will help the manager to create a strong business case to produce the security message at the implementation stage. To discover new threats: Penetration testing measures will help the organization to find the new threats. To focus on internal security resources: A Penetration test and its security analysis allow the organization to focus internal security resources. To meet regulatory compliances: Organization can meet their regulatory compliances using penetration testing tools. To find weakest link: Penetration test and security audit will assist the firm to find the weakest link in their intricate structure and it will provide baseline security for all typical entities. Provide validation feedback: Penetration test deliver validation feedback to business entities and security framework that lead the organization to reduce the risk in the implementation. Phases of the Penetration Test: Discovery Planning Attack Reporting Additional Discovery Planning Phase: Scope of the test will be defined in planning phase. In this phase, testing team will get the approvals, documents and agreements like NDA (Non-Disclosure Agreement) and they will set the baseline for effective penetration test after that documents are signed. Penetration test team will get certain input from existing security plan, industry standards and best practices while defining their scope for the test. No real testing activity happens in the planning stage. Factor influencing the successful Penetration test: Time: Legal restriction: Discovery Phase: The real testing activity will start from this phase. In this stage, they used to identify the potential target using network scanning and to gather information using port scanning and other techniques. Vulnerability is the second part of this discovery phase. In this stage, application, operating system and services are equated against vulnerability database. Normally human testers use their own database or public database to find vulnerabilities manually. Compare with automated testing, manual testing is better way to identify the new vulnerabilities but this type of testing is time consuming unlike automated testing. This Phase can be further Characterized as: Footprinting Phase Canning and Enumeration Phase Vulnerability Analysis Phase Footprinting Phase: The process of footprinting is a completely non-disturbing activity executed to get information available about the target organization and its system using various resources, both technical and non-technical. This process includes probing the internet, querying various public repositories (Database, Domain registrar, Usenet groups and mailing list). In this phase, penetration tester will gather significant information and confidential data through internet without probing the target system. Penetration tester will conduct the social engineering attacks for that they will collect valuable information like IT setup details, e-mail address of the company, device configuration and username and password. In this phase, penetration tester tries to find various loopholes and try to explore data leakage about the target organization in shortest time period. Mostly procedure of this phase can be automated using customized script and small programs. Scanning and Enumeration: The scanning and enumeration phase includes lot of activity like identifying the live system, open / filtered ports found, service running on these ports, identifying the operating system details, network path discovery, mapping router / firewall rules, etc. Penetration tester must be careful while using the tools for these activities because they should not overwhelm the target systems with extreme traffic. Before going into live scenario, successive phase should be tested completely in a testing environment. Types of Port Scanner: Nmap SuperScan Hping Services should be fingerprinted either manually or using existing tools after successfully identifying the open ports. Penetration tester will provide exact name and version of the services which running on the target system and the underlying Operating system before including these in the final report. Also this will help to identifying and removing numerous false positive found later. Existing Fingerprint Tools: Xprobe2 Queso Nmap Amap Winfingerprint P0f Httprint Vulnerability Analysis: In this stage, penetration tester will try to identify possible vulnerabilities existing in each target system after identifying the target systems and collecting required details from the previous phase. During this stage penetration tester may use automated tools to find the vulnerabilities in the target systems. These tools have their own record containing of latest vulnerabilities and their details. In vulnerability analysis stage, penetration tester will test the systems by giving invalid inputs, random strings, etc. to check for any errors or unintended behaviour in the systems output. Penetration tester should not depend only on his experience because a successful penetration tester should be up to date with latest security related activities and join with security related mailing-lists, security blogs, advisories, etc. to keep him updated to the latest vulnerabilities. Types of Vulnerability Scanners: Nessus Shadow Security Scanner Retina ISS Scanner SARA GFI LANguard Attack Phase: Attack phase is a vital stage in penetration testing, the most challenging and interesting phase for the penetration tester. This Phase can be further Characterized as: Exploitation Phase Privilege Escalation Phase Exploitation Phase: In this phase, penetration tested will try to identify activities for the various vulnerabilities found in the previous stage. Penetration tester can get more resources from internets that provide proof-of-conception exploits for most of the vulnerabilities. In exploitation stage, all exploit should be tested thoroughly before going for a real implementation. If any vulnerabilities critical system not exploited then penetration tester should give sufficient documented proof-of-concepts about the impact of the vulnerability on the organizations business. Exploitation Frameworks: Metasploit Project Core Security Technologys Impact Immunitys CANVAS Instead of running exploitation, penetration tester need to use the full potential framework to reduce the time in writing custom exploits. Gaining Access Discovery Phase Rising Privilege System Surfing Install Add Test Software Enough data has been Gathered in the discovery phase to make an attempt to Access the target. If only user-level access was obtained in the last step, the tester will now seek to gain complete control of the system. The information gathering process begins again to identify mechanism to gain access to trusted system. Additional presentation testing software is installed to gain additional information and/or access. Attack Phase Step with Look back to Discovery Phase Privilege Escalation: In this stage, penetration tester will make further analysis to get more information that will help to getting administrative privileges. Before continuing further process, penetration tester should get the prior permission from the target organization. Penetration tester will maintain his all activity report because in the reporting stage that will be the proof for all the activities completed. Tester may install additional software for higher level of privilege. Reporting Phase: Reporting stage is the last phase in the penetration test methodology. Reporting phase will parlay occurred with other three stages or it will happen after attack phase. This reporting phase is very vital stage and this this report will cover both management and technical aspects, provide detailed information about all findings, figures with proper graphs. Penetration tester will provide suitable presentation of the vulnerabilities and its impact to the business of the target organization. Final document will be detailed and it will provide technical description of the vulnerabilities. Penetration tester should meet the client requirement in the documents also document should be detailed and that will show the ability of the successful penetration tester. Report Consist of: Executive Summary Detailed Findings Risk level of the Vulnerabilities found Business Impact Recommendations Conclusion Penetration Testing Strategy: External Testing Strategy: In this strategy, process made from outside the organizations system to refers attack on the organizations network border, this may be through Internet or Extranet. External testing strategy will start with clients publically accessible information. Naturally the External testing approach will executed with non-disclosure or fully disclosure environment. This test will target the organizations externally visible server or device like Domain Name Server (DNS), Firewall and E-mail server. Internal Testing Strategy: Internal testing approach executed from inside the organizations technology environment. The focuses of the internal testing strategy is to know what could occur if the network border were penetrated effectively or what an authorized user could do to penetrate specific information resources inside the organizations network. Both type of testing techniques are similar but the result of both tests will vary prominently. Blind Testing Strategy: Blind testing approach targets at pretending the activities and processes of a real hacker. In this approach, testing team will provide limited information about organizations systems configuration. The penetration testing team gather information about the target to conduct its penetration test using publically available information like company web-site, domain name registry, internet discussion board and USENET. This testing approach can provide lot of information about the organization but this method of testing is very time consuming. Double Blind Testing Strategy: This testing strategy is an extension of blind testing approach. In this testing approach, IT and security staff of the organization will not informed earlier and are blind to the strategic testing activities. Double blind testing strategy is a vital component of testing because it can test the organizations security monitoring and incident identification, escalating and response procedure. The main objective of this testing approach is only few people from the organization will aware of this testing activity. Once the objective of the test has been achieved then project manager will terminate the response procedure of the organization and testing procedures. Targeted Testing Strategy: Another name of this testing strategy is lights-turned-on approach. In this testing approach, both organizations IT staff and penetration testing team involve in this testing activities. In this test, there will be a clear understanding of testing actions and information about the target and network design. Targeted testing approach is very cost effective because this test mainly focused on technical setting or design of the network. This test can executed in less time and effort unlike blind test but this approach will not give clear picture of an organizations vulnerabilities and response capabilities. Types of Penetration testing There are many type of penetration test available to test the network security of an organization. But type of penetration test may depend upon the organizations needs to test their network. Black-box Testing: White-box Testing: DOS (Denial Of Service): This type of testing tries to identify the weaknesses on the system through exhausting the targets resources because it will stop responding to legal request. Denial of service testing can perform on both manually and automated tools. This test is classified into two types such as software exploits and flooding attacks. The level of this test depending upon the penetration tests information system and related resources. There are more formats in this test such as: Application Security Testing: Application security testing will protect the confidentiality and reliability of information using applications encryption and objective of this testing is to assess the control over the applications (Electronic commerce server, on-line financial applications, distributed applications and internet front ends to legacy systems) and its process flow. Components of Application Security Testing: Code Review: In this type of testing, analysing the code of the application because it should not contain the sensitive data. Authorization Testing: Authorization testing includes Analysing the system initiation and maintenance of the user sessions like Input validation of login fields, Cookies security and lockout testing. Functionality Testing: Functionality testing involves testing the functionality of the application such as input validation and transaction testing as presented to a user. War Dialling: Tools for Penetration Testing: Reconnaissance Tools: Nmap (Network Mapper): Network mapper (Nmap) is a powerful port scan tool and its a part of reconnaissance tools of penetration testing. Network mapper has ability to regulate the operating system of the target system. Network mapper maintains a database for the target computer to find its operating systems resospnse3. Network mapper is a permitted product for network security review. Network mapper was intended to quickly scan big network but it will work fine against single network. Network mapper is compatible with all major operating system like Windows, Linux and MAC operating system.2. Features of the Network mapper (Nmap) Flexible Nmap will support different advanced techniques for mapping out networks such as firewalls, IP filters and other obstacles. This tool also contains port scanners mechanism (TCP UDP), version detection, version detection, Prevailing Portable Easy Free Well documented Supported Acclaimed Popular http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9087439/Five_free_pen_testing_tools http://nmap.org/ http://www.sans.org/reading_room/analysts_program/PenetrationTesting_June06.pdf https://buildsecurityin.us-cert.gov/bsi/articles/tools/penetration/657-BSI.html Nessus Nessus is a vulnerability assessment tool and its free domain software released by GPLS. This tool is intended to identify the security problem. Nessus helps the management people to rectify the security problem before exploitation. Client server technology is very powerful features of Nessus. Penetration tester can test from various point of the server because Different server technology placed in various place. It can control the entire server using multiple distributed clients or central client. This tool is very flexible for penetration tester because it can run on different operating system like MAC OS X and IBM/AIX but most of the server portion will run on UNIX. Features of the Nessus: Up-to-date security vulnerability Database Nessus tool will check the database regularly and Nessus can receive with the command Nessus-update-plugins. This tool will monitor all the plugins data. Remote and Local security Nessus has the ability to detect the remote faults of the host in a network and also it will remove local flaws and omitted areas. Scalable Nessus is very scalable because it can run on a computer with low memory. If we give more power to this tool then it can scan our system quickly. Plug-Ins Every security test will be written in NASL; also its printed as an exterior plugin. For updating the Nessus, it will not download binaries from internet and to understand the result of the Nessus report, every NASL can be read and modified. NASL (Nessus Attack Scripting Language) The Nessus security Scanner contain NASL, its a designed language to inscribe security test easily and quickly. NASL run in a controlled environment on top of a virtual device, this will make the Nessus a very secure scanner. Smart Service Recognition with Multiple Services Nessus tool helps to recognize the FTP server which running in an unidentified port. This is the first tool to hold this facility. If the host runs the similar services twice or more then Nessus can scan all of them. Full SSL Support and Non-Destructive This tool has the ability to scan SSL services like https, imaps, smtps and more. Nessus tool can integrate with PKI field environment. Nessus is the first scanning tool has this feature. Nessus tool will give more option to the tester to perform a regular non-destructive security audit. Packet Manipulation and Password Cracking Tools Exploitation Tools Metasploit Version Metasploit framework is both penetration testing system and a development platform for creating security tools and techniques. Metasploit framework comprises of tools, modules, libraries and user interfaces. Metasploit framework used to network security and network security professionals will use this framework to conduct penetration test, system administrators to verify the patch connection, to perform regression testing by product vendors, and security researcher world-wide. This tool offers valuable information and tools for penetration tester security researcher. Metasploit framework written in Ruby programming language and contains components written in C and assembler. The basic function of this tool is a Module launcher, allow the user to organize the exploit module and launch the module at target system. Metasploit is very user friendly to the penetration tester to conduct the test and it will give full network penetration testing capabilities. Metasploit is an open source framework and largest combined public databank of exploits. Security Forest exploitation Framework Limitations of Penetration Testing: Penetration testing will not identify all vulnerabilities because normally this test will carried out as Black Box exercises. Penetration test will not provide information about new vulnerabilities those weaknesses identified after the test. Penetration tester will not have sufficient information about the system. Compare with vulnerability assessments, penetration test is not the correct way to identify the weaknesses because vulnerability assessments can identify more issue than penetration testing using diagnostic review of all systems and all servers. Penetration test does not have that much time to evaluate and identify the vulnerabilities and penetration testing is a snapshot for an organization and its network security. Conclusion: Scope of the penetration testing should be increased. Time period of penetration testing is very limited. Time limit of penetration testing needs to be increased, then testing team can identify more issues and testing team can protect the network security of an organization. Further action needs to be taken against vulnerabilities that identified as a result of penetration test. Penetration Testing Definitions: Penetration test is a method to assess the organizations data security system in dynamic way. The information security system of an organization will be tested to identify any security issues. In other way, penetration test is a theoretical or paper based audit. What is Penetration Test? Penetration test is a sequence of actions to find and exploit security weaknesses of the systems. Penetration test naturally includes group of people financed by the organization and Department of Internal Audit or IT department to conduct the test. Penetration test team member attempts to accomplish vulnerabilities in the system security of the organization using tools and techniques of the penetration test. The goal of the testing tem is to find out security weaknesses under controlled circumstances to eliminate the vulnerabilities before unauthorised users can exploit them. Penetration testing is an authorised action to correct the hackers (unauthorised users) activities. Penetration test is a better way to find the security weaknesses that exist in a network or system. Penetration test result will increase the awareness of the management people and also it will assist them to take an important decision making processes. Management people can find their system security weaknesses conducting penetration test in their organization. Depending upon the organization penetration test will differ and time frame of the test will depend on the type of test. If the penetration test is conducted badly then this test have serious costs like system roaring and cramming. Organization needs to have dynamic consent on this test while conducting or performing.

Egalitarianism and the Cash Economy among the Central Kalahari San Essa

Egalitarianism and the Cash Economy among the Central Kalahari San Jiro Tanaka’s research on the Central Kalahari San explored the changes in the San society and determined the overall effects on the culture. Tanaka looked at a group of people who had recently switched from a hunting and gathering existence to a more sedentary way of life. She found that though there were differences in the everyday lives of the San, they were able to preserve their language, cultural identity, and egalitarian ideals. Tanaka attributes the changes in the San society to influences by the government and Christian missionaries in the 1970s. Tanaka’s research, which occurred in the 1980s, found that the San’s views on labor, the way goods were given and received, and their value system had altered as a result of their contact with outside groups. The groups promoting these changes were attempting to modernize the San. The various groups in the Central Kalahari began to lead sedentary lifestyles built around villages which included schools, medical facilities, a permanent water supply, and agricultural systems. The changes in the San society were far reaching. Sedentary living meant that higher concentrations of people were living in smaller areas, and the gatherers soon found the plant resources almost depleted in the area around the settlement. In addition, collective equestrian hunting gained prominence over solo bow-and-arrow hunting. Though some families have been successful at livestock raising and cultivation of crops, Tanaka found that these are not significant contributors to the economy of the San. The idea of a dominant cash economy was completely new to the San. Before the 1980s, they had only traded on a sm... ...bility to reproduce themselves as a society while limiting the accumulation of wealth and power" (1993:174). Thus, like Tanaka, Lee believes that though they have altered their lifestyle, the Dobe have not abandoned their fundamental ideal of egalitarianism. They have managed to assert some control over the degree to which their society is modernizing. The analyses formed by Lee and Tanaka leads one to question to role of the hunter-gatherer society in the present mindset of those who study these cultures. Do we feel as if modernization de-romanticizes our conception of hunter-gather societies? Is it possible that groups are happier in with their new lifestyles? Is it possible for us to decide what is best for these groups? Was change inevitable? These are just some of the questions which come to mind when exploring the changes in different cultural groups.

Highway Robbery Essay

It was in the middle of the night, there was a carriage carrying gold and silver. It was on its way to Yorkshire. There was a guard with a rifle on the lookout for anything suspicious or threatening. There were people inside, chatting about the riches that were in their hands. The driver was driving the carriage; it had four horses pulling it. There was a co-driver as well, he was there in case anything happened to the driver. There was a man riding a horse, they were usually known as, â€Å"Highwaymen†, they stole from carriages and they were all aware that â€Å"Highwaymen† existed. Before the carriage got to the Highwayman’s location, the Highwayman cut down a tree with his axe, the tree obstructed the path of the road. Once the carriage got to the tree, it stopped, it was a very quiet place, no houses in sight, no people in sight, and it was in the pure country side. The guard got down from the carriage to take a look. He got very suspicious and had his rifle ready. The Highwayman with his horse hid behind a tree, silently. Then, suddenly the Highwayman leapt out of the woods and on to the road, he shouted â€Å"Give me all of your treasures, or die†. The Highwayman pointed his pistols at the guard. The guard slowly put down his rifle, and the richest man offered the riches to the Highwayman, then the slightly poorer people offered their treasures. Then the Highwayman, swiftly, rode off, in to the gloomy night. But then, the guard quickly, but silently picked up his rifle and started shooting at the Highwayman, but by then, the Highwayman had gone, and it was too late. By Matthew Williams

Teacher Evaluation Initiative Example

Teacher Evaluation Initiative Example Teacher Evaluation Initiative – Article Example Section/# Article Rebuttal Ultimately, there are two main reasons behind why the teacher evaluation programs that are currently being proposed should not be put into effect. The first reason has to do with the fact that the testing of teachers is ultimately yet another metrics and milestones that these already overburdened teachers will have to fulfill. Rather than dedicating their time to promoting the needs of the individual student, teachers will instead be forced to take their time as a function of passing bureaucratic red tape and continuing the profession have already dedicated months not years of their lives to fulfilling (Vara-Orta, 2014). Secondly, another reason behind why the teacher evaluation should not be effected has to do with the fact that it will ultimately not be put in place to the same degree and extent in each and every school jurisdiction. For instance, the article itself indicate the fact that several schools within Texas had already been exempt from several o f the Department of Education’s programs; some of which related to reforms that date as far back as the George W Bush presidency. Within such a manner of understanding, the reader can easily understand the fact that creating a litany of federal and state metrics by which teacher should be assessed will only open further loopholes by which some districts and teachers will be left ungraded. Ultimately, the strength of the system is noted in the similarity of approach; not in the fact that certain districts and/or teachers might be able to get a waiver from these standards. ReferenceVara-Orta,  F. (2014, March 15). State drafting new way to evaluate educators - San Antonio Express-News. Retrieved from expressnews.com/news/education/article/State-drafting-new-way-to-evaluate-educators-5321016.php

Environmental Solutions essays

Environmental Solutions essays I once saw an artist in New York paint the word: Possibility in large, blue letters on a brick wall. At the time, Im not sure I understood the significance or the meaning of the work. But now, reflecting on what it meant, I think the artist meant to say that he could have painted anything on that wall, but it is the possibility of what could be, or what could have been that intrigues the mind. I think this idea relates to Bill Mckibbens vision of a world that sustains itself, If you think about what he asks people to start doing. Mckibbens formula for a he calls it, living lightly on the earth is simple. People have to change. Mckibben says on the first page of Hope, Human and Wild that he tries to imagine a world where people arent so wasteful and consume much less. His argument is that we have to restrain ourselves in how much we consume and want. This is not an easy task in our society of buying in bulk and high speed internet, however that is another topic entirely. Mckibben hopes for a future where we limit our pollution and help to rebuild the damage weve already done. He uses examples of Curitiba and Kerala to illustrate his point of how people can contribute more to the environment around them. One of Mckibbens biggest points is how we have to be more efficient in how we live. Their lessons are mainly about learning to do with less, or at least with different - with buses instead of cars, with community instead of splendid suburban independence, with preventive health care instead of high-tech medicine, with creativity instead of big budgets, with sharing instead of individual accumulation. (54) Mckibben is talking about Curitiba and Kerala as exceptions in the case of efficiency as something lacking in todays society. He also explains many ways to achieve this. However, this is not an easy task to achieve. In theory, Mckibbens view of a more effici...

Human Health Risk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Human Health Risk - Essay Example The Safe Drinking Water Act calls for security plans of water systems utilizing groundwater sources. The process involves in protecting the surface area above an aquifer from contaminations infiltrating into the groundwater (http://www.lenntech.Com/groundwater /contamination.htm#ixzz0XC smocST, retrieved 18 Nov. 09). Pure water comprises of indispensable chemical constituents of water. Drinking water generally contains a certain quantity of minerals, which it gets from its source, storage conditions, treatment, supply, and household plumbing system and their conditions. These minerals and components mostly take place at very low degrees and do not present a major risk to human or animal health (http://earthsci.org/teacher/basicgeol /groundwa/groundwa.html, retrieved 20 November 2009). A broad range of chemical compounds can lead to contamination of groundwater if released to the underground environs. They are organic and synthetic compounds, inorganic compounds, like pesticides, and other pollutants. Since drinking water arrangements obtain their water from groundwater origins so if the source is polluted then naturally the drinking water is also contaminated (http://earthsci.org/teacher/basicgeol /groundwa/groundwa.html, retrieved 20 November 2009). Groundwater is in constant motion; even though the rate of its movement is normally slow than the water movement in a stream. The reason behind the slow motion is that the ground water has to pass by the complex passages between open spaces inside the rock. Initially the groundwater moves down as a result of the pull of gravity. Groundwater can also move up as it flows from high-pressure regions to low pressure regions (http://earthsci.org/teacher/basicgeol/groundwa/groundwa.html, retrieved 20 November 2009). The chemical contamination mentioned above is known as "point sources" of water contamination. Chemical pollution in water will have the same effect as that of any other kind of

Employee motivation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Employee motivation - Essay Example Making an employee feel that they are working towards a better result for themselves and the company, is the best way for an organization to initiate motivation among their work force and offer the best results in relation to the productivity that the company is able to achieve. Though the issue of employee motivation involves the entire organization as a whole, the main people who are involved in ensuring that this motivation exists are the individuals in management positions. This is because they are the ones who deal directly with the different sections of the work force and thus are in an advantageous position to better understand the employees and what it will take to sufficiently motivate them to work harder (Allen & Heidi, 2011). The managers in the company are also in a sense directly responsible for the attitude that employees will have towards the organization as they are deemed to be the representatives of the company. Thus, their treatment of their subordinates technically reflects how the company views their employees (Jon & Paul, 2009). This means that if the employees are mistreated on a frequent basis or are simply treated with callousness by their superiors, they will automatically assume that the company does not care about them. This is n ot concerned about their wellbeing despite the fact that the employees of higher positions may not even be informed of what is going on within the lower ranks as they may have put their trust on those appointed to take care of the work force and see no need for vigorous supervision of their activities. However, ignorance has still no excuse for the poor treatment of a company’s work force. It is the organization’s duty to ensure that their employees’ morale remains high and should track their attitude and level of motivation on a frequent basis to ensure that this goal is not only achieved, but maintained (Jon & Paul, 2009). This can be done by concentrating on